Learn Ubuntu

  • Linux distributions = core linux + GUI + custom packages

Ubuntu means "humanity to others" or "i am what i am because of who we all are"

  • UBUNTU has "Linux kernel + Unity interface + GNOME Desktop + apt package manager"
  • Ubuntu is built on DEBIAN distribution
  • Say LinuxMint is again built on Ubuntu (typical open source benefits)
  • GNOME also pronounced as NOME
  • It's by company canonical , also has paid support.
  • Release cycle
  • Version numbers are Year.Month, mostly october & april releases

  • Left launch bar

    • Individual items, right click to remove
    • dot beside active item in the launch bar
    • repeatedly searched items are prioritized in activity search
    • disk encryption available
    • customization flavours

  • Use workspaces (similar to windows 10 multi desktop tasks)

  • No antivirus needed

  • System monitor

  • disk usage analyzer

  • cheese : to test camera

  • Applications

    • Libre office suite
    • Mozilla Thunderbird mail (good search)
    • Rhythm box - add podcast channel , listen radio..etc
    • Shot well - image display by events/ dates (add custom name)
    • backups - incremental backup of home folder

libre office

  • docx is office open XML format ( It can be opened as a ZIP archive by simply changing the DOCX extension to ZIP.). Since format is standard, other applications like libre office can work with those file types.
  • libre office uses open document formats like .odt (text), .odp (presentation), .ods (sheet)
  • libre office is a fork of open office (oracle purchasing sun story issues)
  • libre office: document digital signing, object/file linking exists

Others

  • linux is secure – by default all are files & it won’t have executable permissions until you give it. So email attachments/ softwares downloaded won't run by default.

  • no root user in Ubuntu, so "sudo (super user do)" command is used to enter current user password & act current user as root or super user (if privileges exists).

    • one time password entry is enough, but "sudo" must be typed before each command to act as root
    • alternate is switch to root by "sudo su", so that no need of sudo prefix Note: sudo access is granted to users by admin

  • JUJU to install any softwares in cloud/ our machines (Everything done by scripts style). So Replicating same softwares & configuration in other machines is easy. //instead use dockers

  • Containers (eg: dockers) do not need full OS, so a stripped down version called "Ubuntu Core" a.k.a "Snappy" is released

  • Check apache bench command for load testing

  • Use Virtual box to install Windows/ Ubuntu server in laptop itself

  • can search Logs by built in "Log" app

  • To customize UI

//add gnome tweak tool
sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo apt install gnome-tweak-tool
// also use Inbuilt extensions app
  • Remmina app: remote desktop & SSH (good)
  • ToDo App
  • VPN wireguard
  • use zfs for disk encryption
  • New feature (LSM)Linux security module -> it does kernel lockdown, so even root account may not impact some instances

Ubuntu commands

  • before installing any new package update package list, so apt knows about latest version & it's repositories
//update local pkg list
apt update
//update the packages currently installed to latest versions
apt upgrade
apt search pkgName
//to see package details
apt show pkgName
apt install pkgName
apt remove pkgName
apt autoremove //to remove unused
apt list --installed //to checklist of packages
//to check no of packages available (line, word & character count in output)
apt list --all-versions | wc
  • manual package install
sudo dpkg -i package_file.deb
  • check version
//check ubuntu version (lsb = linux standard base)
lsb_release -a
//check linux kernel version
uname -r

Package source list

//all ubuntu pkg source list
/etc/apt/source.list
o/p:
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
  • Ubuntu Software repositories
    • Main : Officially Supported by canonical, Open-Source Software
    • Restricted : Officially Supported, Closed-Source Software like drivers..etc
    • Universe : Community-Maintained, Open-Source Software
    • Multiverse : Unsupported, Closed-Source and Patent-Encumbered Software (Software that is not free like media player codecs..etc)
//all third party pkg source list
/etc/apt/source.list.d

Note

Thunderbird

Thunderbird added following theme in mentioned folder, later through addons selected same

Keyboard shortcuts

Search for keyboard shortcuts in activities to see list

  • ctrl+alt+t -> terminal

libre office

Imp Links